With the Greek "posos" and "logos" arrives "posology." Like a field of medicine, the study of posology concentrates on the dosages or portions of medicines which can be furnished to attain the desired pharmacological outcomes. Age, climate, weight, gender, and time of administration are all factors that affect the outcome.
Physiological antagonism: This phenomenon describes the actions of a substance that creates consequences counteracting those of One more material (a consequence comparable to that made by an antagonist blocking the action of an agonist at precisely the same receptor) employing a mechanism that doesn't involve binding to a similar receptor.
A drug’s action is affected by the amount of drug that reaches the receptor along with the degree of attraction (affinity) amongst it and its receptor around the mobile’s surface area.
2000). However, an absence of quantitative scientific studies has intended a commensurate deficiency of clarity relating to vital attributes from the tolerance mechanism. The magnitude on the compensatory response, particularly, has remained obscure, even though It's really a major parameter in the overall drug result. The magnitude with the compensatory reaction is based on the dose to which the organism is accustomed instead of on the particular drug dose. This proposition was defended Earlier for your oral administration of exogenous substances, but Additionally it is evident for intravenous drug administrations.
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1999), the oral detection of exogenous substances along with the resulting stimulation with the compensatory reaction is usually a very delicate and specialized system, in the position to respond to quite compact doses.
Achlorhydria is often a condition of lessened gastric secretions, Specially hydrochloric acid. This gastrointestinal disorder may immediately affect the lower in the absorption of acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin)
Failure to detoxify and do away with drugs brings about their accumulation during the tissues to the harmful amount.
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Age-relevant modifications in focus on tissues and organs may direct aged persons to reply inappropriately to The everyday dose of the medication.
Typical sensitivity into a drug can be regained by suspending check here the drug administration for a long time. The event of tolerance could be minimized by initiating therapy with the bottom productive dose and keeping away from extended administration
Drugs affect only the speed at which current biologic features continue. (See also Definition of Drug Dynamics.) Drugs tend not to alter the primary character of these functions or create new functions. As an example, drugs can speed up or slow down the biochemical reactions that cause muscles to deal, kidney cells to regulate the volume of water and salts retained or eliminated by the human body, glands to secrete substances (for instance mucus, abdomen acid, or insulin), and nerves to transmit messages.
It really is argued, Additionally, that the dose-reaction curve shouldn't be utilised after the 1st dose of the drug as a curve can not Convey the dynamic action in the tolerance system.